How to Use Paramiko Logging?

Paramiko provides support for logging to capture detailed information about SSH activities. To use paramiko logging, you first need to import the logging module and enable logging in paramiko by calling the paramiko.util.log_to_file() method. This method takes the path to a log file where the log messages will be written.

You can then set the desired log level using the logging module's logging.basicConfig() method, specifying the level parameter to set the logging level. The available log levels are DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL.

Finally, you can log messages using the logging module's logging.getLogger() method and calling the debug(), info(), warning(), error(), or critical() methods with the desired message as the argument. This will write the log message to the specified log file.

By using paramiko logging, you can capture detailed information about SSH operations and troubleshoot any issues that may arise during SSH connections.

How to log SSH channel operations in Paramiko?

To log SSH channel operations in Paramiko, you can use the get_pty method to allocate a pseudo-terminal and then use the receive and shutdown_write methods to interact with the channel. Here's an example of how you can log SSH channel operations using Paramiko:

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import paramiko
import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)

# Create an SSH client
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# Connect to the SSH server
ssh.connect('hostname', username='username', password='password')

# Open a new SSH channel
channel = ssh.invoke_shell()

# Allocate a pseudo-terminal
channel.get_pty()

# Send a command to the channel
channel.send('ls -l\n')

# Receive the output of the command
while not channel.recv_ready():
    pass

output = channel.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
logging.info(output)

# Send another command to the channel
channel.send('pwd\n')

# Receive the output of the command
while not channel.recv_ready():
    pass

output = channel.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
logging.info(output)

# Close the channel
channel.shutdown_write()
channel.close()

# Close the SSH connection
ssh.close()

In this example, we first create an SSH client and connect to an SSH server. We then open a new SSH channel, allocate a pseudo-terminal, send a couple of commands to the channel, receive the output of the commands, log the output, and finally close the channel and the SSH connection.

You can modify this example to log additional channel operations as needed. Remember to handle exceptions and error conditions appropriately when logging SSH channel operations in Paramiko.

What is the format of log messages in Paramiko?

The format of log messages in Paramiko is typically:

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[<timestamp>] [levelname] [source] [message]

Where:

• is the time when the log message was generated
• levelname is the severity level of the log message (e.g. DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL)
• source is the name of the module or function that generated the log message
• message is the actual log message text

For example:

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[2021-10-13 12:34:56] [INFO] [paramiko.transport] Connected (version 2.0, client OpenSSH_7.4p1)
[2021-10-13 12:34:57] [DEBUG] [paramiko.transport] kex algos:[' curve25519-sha256 at libssh.org','ecdh-sha2-nistp256','ecdh-sha2-nistp384','ecdh-sha2-nistp521','diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256','diffie-hellman-group16-sha512','diffie-hellman-group18-sha512','diffie-hellman-group14-sha256']

How to log SSH command executions in Paramiko?

To log SSH command executions in Paramiko, you can create a custom logging handler and set it for the Paramiko logger. Here is an example of how you can achieve this:

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import logging
import paramiko

class SSHLogger(logging.Handler):
    def emit(self, record):
        command = record.getMessage()
        print(f"SSH command executed: {command}")

# Create a Paramiko SSH client
ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# Create a logger and add the custom logging handler
logger = logging.getLogger("paramiko")
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
logger.addHandler(SSHLogger())

# Connect to the SSH server
ssh_client.connect("hostname", username="username", password="password")

# Execute a command and log it
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command("ls -l")
for line in stdout.readlines():
    print(line)

# Close the SSH connection
ssh_client.close()

In this example, we create a custom logging handler SSHLogger that prints the executed SSH command. We then create a Paramiko SSH client and set the custom logging handler for the Paramiko logger. Finally, we connect to the SSH server, execute a command, and log it using the custom logging handler.